Tulsa was founded under this oak. In 1836 the Lochapoka town of the Creek (Muscogee) Nation reached this rise above the Arkansas River at the end of their forced removal from Alabama, 161 of the 660 who had set out, and lit a new ceremonial fire at its foot. The tree still stands, National Register listed since 1976, on ground the Muscogee Nation holds again after the city handed it back. Its exact species and age are unsettled and said so plainly. It stands free to visit in Creek Nation Council Oak Park.
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The Creek Council Oak Tree
Post Oak or Bur Oak (Quercus stellata or Quercus macrocarpa; sources disagree) · at least 190 years; already a mature tree in 1836 · Riverview
Tulsa was founded under this oak by 161 survivors of a march that began with 660 people. In 1836 the Lochapoka town of the Creek (Muscogee) Nation reached this rise above the Arkansas River at the end of their forced removal from Alabama. They scattered the ashes of their last ceremonial fire back east at the foot of the tree, lit a new fire, and made the ground under it their busk ground, their town hall, their church and their courthouse. The city grew outward from that fire.
Nobody has settled what the tree itself is. One source calls it a post oak, the Tulsa Preservation Commission calls it a bur oak, and the identification is still open. Its age sits on the same footing. It was already a mature tree when the Lochapoka arrived, which puts a floor of at least 190 years under it and says nothing about the ceiling. Nobody has taped the trunk or published a figure. If you have, tell us.
It has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1976 and has carried lightning rods, fitted in 1980, ever since. The Muscogee Nation has held Council Oak Tree Day here every year since 1986, and the ground is theirs again: the City of Tulsa handed it back, dated to November 2024 in one account and to a return ceremony in November 2025 in another.
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